1. RECEDING LOWER JAW AND/OR PROTRUDING UPPER INCISORS
Children with protruding incisors in the upper jaw suffer up to 50% more injuries to the anterior teeth.
2. LATERAL CROSSBITE
Where a child’s upper jaw is too narrow, the lower jaw laterally overlaps the upper jaw. As a result, the upper jaw cannot develop properly and the teeth do not have the space they need. Moreover, growth is asymmetrically directed where a crossbite exists.
3. FRONTAL OPEN BITE
This is often caused by sucking (e.g. thumb or dummy) or restricted nasal breathing. Many children with this problem also suffer from a malfunction of the tongue.
4. PROTRUDING LOWER JAW AND/OR RECEDING UPPER JAW
This misalignment results in a reversed overbite of the incisors.
5. CROWDING OF TEETH
During the secondary dentition phase, temporary crowding is not generally a problem. However, if the teeth are crowded together so closely that the permanent teeth have no chance to erupt, it is time to start treatment.
6. DISPLACED TEETH
Severe crowding can cause the misalignment of individual teeth following secondary dentition.
7. CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF TEETH
It is not uncommon for maxillary lateral incisors or mandibular second molars to be absent.
